Clorazepate dipotassium, Acepromoazine (as acid maleate), Acepromethazine (as acid maleate)
Indications
Clorazepate dipotassium, Acepromoazine (as acid maleate), Acepromethazine (as acid maleate) is used for:
CLORAZEPATE
For the management of anxiety disorders or for the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety. Also used as adjunctive therapy in the management of partial seizures and for the symptomatic relief of acute alcohol withdrawal
ACEPROMAZINE
Acepromazine was first used in humans in the 1950s as an antipsychotic agent. It is now rarely used in humans. Acepromazine is frequently used in animals as a sedative and antiemetic. Its principal value is in quietening and calming anxious animals
For the management of anxiety disorders or for the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety. Also used as adjunctive therapy in the management of partial seizures and for the symptomatic relief of acute alcohol withdrawal
ACEPROMAZINE
Acepromazine was first used in humans in the 1950s as an antipsychotic agent. It is now rarely used in humans. Acepromazine is frequently used in animals as a sedative and antiemetic. Its principal value is in quietening and calming anxious animals
Adult Dose
Child Dose
Renal Dose
Administration
Contra Indications
Precautions
Pregnancy-Lactation
Interactions
Adverse Effects
Side effects of Clorazepate dipotassium, Acepromoazine (as acid maleate), Acepromethazine (as acid maleate) :
Mechanism of Action
CLORAZEPATE
Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors bnz1, which mediates sleep, and bnz2, which affects affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-a (gabaa) receptors, this enhances the effects of gaba by increasing gaba affinity for the gaba receptor. Binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gaba to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell
ACEPROMAZINE
Acepromazine acts as an antagonist (blocking agent) on different postsysnaptic receptors -on dopaminergic-receptors (subtypes d1, d2, d3 and d4 - different antipsychotic properties on productive and unproductive symptoms), on serotonergic-receptors (5-ht1 and 5-ht2, with anxiolytic, antidepressive and antiaggressive properties as well as an attenuation of extrapypramidal side-effects, but also leading to weight gain, fall in blood pressure, sedation and ejaculation difficulties), on histaminergic-receptors (h1-receptors, sedation, antiemesis, vertigo, fall in blood pressure and weight gain), alpha1/alpha2-receptors (antisympathomimetic properties, lowering of blood pressure, reflex tachycardia, vertigo, sedation, hypersalivation and incontinence as well as sexual dysfunction, but may also attenuate pseudoparkinsonism - controversial) and finally on muscarinic (cholinergic) m1/m2-receptors (causing anticholinergic symptoms like dry mouth, blurred vision, obstipation, difficulty/inability to urinate, sinus tachycardia, ecg-changes and loss of memory, but the anticholinergic action may attenuate extrapyramidal side-effects)
Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors bnz1, which mediates sleep, and bnz2, which affects affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-a (gabaa) receptors, this enhances the effects of gaba by increasing gaba affinity for the gaba receptor. Binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gaba to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell
ACEPROMAZINE
Acepromazine acts as an antagonist (blocking agent) on different postsysnaptic receptors -on dopaminergic-receptors (subtypes d1, d2, d3 and d4 - different antipsychotic properties on productive and unproductive symptoms), on serotonergic-receptors (5-ht1 and 5-ht2, with anxiolytic, antidepressive and antiaggressive properties as well as an attenuation of extrapypramidal side-effects, but also leading to weight gain, fall in blood pressure, sedation and ejaculation difficulties), on histaminergic-receptors (h1-receptors, sedation, antiemesis, vertigo, fall in blood pressure and weight gain), alpha1/alpha2-receptors (antisympathomimetic properties, lowering of blood pressure, reflex tachycardia, vertigo, sedation, hypersalivation and incontinence as well as sexual dysfunction, but may also attenuate pseudoparkinsonism - controversial) and finally on muscarinic (cholinergic) m1/m2-receptors (causing anticholinergic symptoms like dry mouth, blurred vision, obstipation, difficulty/inability to urinate, sinus tachycardia, ecg-changes and loss of memory, but the anticholinergic action may attenuate extrapyramidal side-effects)