Dextrose 30%
Indications
Dextrose 30% is used for:
Parenteral Nutrition and Hydration, Hypoglycemia
Adult Dose
The dosage is usually dependent upon the age, weight and clinical condition of the patient as well as laboratory determinations.
Child Dose
The dosage is usually dependent upon the age, weight and clinical condition of the patient as well as laboratory determinations.
Renal Dose
Administration
Contra Indications
The infusion of hypertonic dextrose injections is contraindicated in patients having intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage, in patients who are severely dehydrated, in patients who are anuric, and in patients in hepatic coma.
Solutions containing dextrose may be contraindicated in patients with known allergy to corn or corn products.
Precautions
Administration of hypertonic dextrose and amino acid solutions via central venous catheter may be associated with complications which can be prevented or minimized by careful attention to all aspects of the procedure. This includes attention to solution preparation, administration and patient monitoring.
Do not administer unless solution is clear and seal is intact.
These admixed injections are intended for intravenous administration using sterile equipment.
It is essential that a carefully prepared protocol, based upon current medical practice, be followed, preferably by an experienced team. The package insert of the protein (nitrogen) source should be consulted for dosage and all precautionary information.
Clinical evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations are necessary to monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, and acid base balance during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the condition of the patient warrants such evaluation.
Care should be taken to avoid circulatory overload, particularly in patients with cardiac insufficiency.
Caution must be exercised in the administration of these injections to patients receiving corticosteroids or corticotropin.
These injections should be used with caution in patients with overt or subclinical diabetes mellitus.
Drug product contains no more than 25 µg/L of aluminum.
Pregnancy-Lactation
Pregnancy Category: C
Maternal and fetal hyperglycemia may occur during labor and delivery; monitor
Lactation: Excretion in milk unknown; use with caution
Interactions
Adverse Effects
Side effects of Dextrose 30% :
Too rapid infusion of a hypertonic dextrose solution may result in diuresis, hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and hyperosmolar coma. Continual clinical monitoring of the patient is necessary in order to identify and initiate measures for these clinical conditions.
Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia.
If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures, and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.
Mechanism of Action
Dextrose is a monosaccharide that is used as a source of calories and water for hydration. It helps to reduce loss of body protein and nitrogen. It also promotes glycogen deposition in the liver. When used with insulin, it stimulates the uptake of potassium by cells, especially in muscle tissue, thus lowering serum potassium levels.