Dorzolamide 2% eye prep
Indications
Dorzolamide 2% eye prep is used for:
Ocular hypertension, Open-angle glaucoma
Adult Dose
Ophthalmic
Ocular hypertension; Open-angle glaucoma
Adult: Instill 1 drop tid;
Child Dose
Ophthalmic
Ocular hypertension; Open-angle glaucoma
Child: Instill 1 drop tid;
Renal Dose
Administration
Contra Indications
Hypersensitivity
Severe reanl impairment (CrCl<30 mL/min)
Precautions
Patient w/ history of renal calculi, pre-existing chronic corneal defects and/or history of intra-ocular surgery. Hepatic and severe renal (CrCl <30 mL/min) impairment. Pregnancy and lactation. Patient Counselling This drug may cause dizziness and visual disturbances, if affected do not drive and operate machinery. Monitoring Parameters Monitor intraocular pressure periodically.
Lactation: Not known whether distributed into breast milk; Do not nurse
Pregnancy-Lactation
Pregnancy Category: C
Lactation: Not known whether distributed into breast milk; Do not nurse
Interactions
May increase the serum concentration of alpha-/beta-agonists (indirect-acting). May enhance the adverse/toxic effects of other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
Adverse Effects
Side effects of Dorzolamide 2% eye prep :
Ocular burning, stinging and discomfort; superficial punctate keratitis, ocular allergic reactions (e.g. conjunctivitis, itching, lid reactions), blurred vision, redness, tearing, dryness, photophobia, transient myopia, eyelid crusting, palpebral reactions, ocular pain, irreversible corneal decompensation, ocular hypotony; acidosis, electrolyte imbalance, systemic allergic reactions (e.g. angioedema, pruritus, bronchospasm, urticaria), dizziness, paraesthesia, throat irritation, dyspnoea, contact dermatitis, bitter taste, headache, nausea, asthenia/fatigue, urolithiasis. Rarely, iridocyclitis.
Potentially Fatal: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, fulminant hepatic necrosis, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia, and other blood dyscrasias.
Mechanism of Action
Dorzolamide reversibly inhibits carbonic anhydrase resulting in reduction of hydrogen ion secretion at renal tubule and increased renal excretion of Na, K, bicarbonate, and water, thus decreasing the production of aqueous humor. It also inhibits carbonic anhydrase in CNS to retard abnormal and excessive discharge from CNS neurons.