Inactivated Oral Cholera Vaccine
Indications
Inactivated Oral Cholera Vaccine is used for:
Cholera, Active immunisation against vibrio cholerae
Adult Dose
Oral
Active immunisation against cholera
The recommended dose of the vaccine (1.5 ml) is to be administered orally.
The primary immunization schedule consists of two doses given at an interval of at least two weeks.
The earliest onset of protection can be expected 7-10 days after the completion of the primary series of the vaccine.
Child Dose
Oral
Active immunisation against cholera
Children >1 yr
Data for the safety and efficacy of the vaccine in infants (less than 1 year of age) is not available.
The recommended dose of the vaccine (1.5 ml) is to be administered orally.
The primary immunization schedule consists of two doses given at an interval of at least two weeks.
The earliest onset of protection can be expected 7-10 days after the completion of the primary series of the vaccine.
Renal Dose
Administration
The vaccine is presented as a suspension. After vigorous shaking of the vial, 1.5 ml should be poured into the mouth of the recipient. The vaccine administration may be optionally followed by water to facilitate ingestion, if needed.
The vaccine can alternatively be administered with a disposable syringe (without needle) after removing the contents from the vial and squirted into the mouth of the recipient. The vaccine should not be administered parenterally (intramuscular, subcutaneous or intravenously). The vaccine is only recommended for oral administration.
Contra Indications
Cholera vaccine should not be administered to subjects with either known hypersensitivity to any component of vaccine, or having shown signs of hypersensitivity after previous administration of the vaccine. Formaldehyde is used during the manufacturing process and trace amounts may be present in the final product. Caution should be taken in subjects with known hypersensitivity to formaldehyde. CVV V.N. 02 TM As with other vaccines, immunization with the cholera vaccine should be delayed in the presence of any acute illness, including acute gastrointestinal illness or acute febrile illness. A minor illness such as mild upper respiratory tract infection is not a reason to postpone immunization
Precautions
Efficacy against Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 was not demonstrated.
Cholera vaccine should not be administered parenterally (intramuscular, subcutaneous or intravenously). The vaccine is only recommended for oral administration.
Vaccination should be provided by a review of the medical history (especilly with regard to previous vaccination & possible occurrence of the undesirable events) and a clinical examination. As with any vaccine immunization with the cholera vaccine may not protect 100% susceptible individuals.
This vaccine is also not a substitute for therapy in case of individuals suspected to be suffering from cholera or showing signs and symptoms of an acute episode of gastro intestinal disease or acute watery diarrhea. Immunocompromised persons (subsequent to a disease or immunosuppressive therapy) may not obtain the expected immune response after vaccination with the cholera vaccine.
If possible, in the opinion of the medical practitioner, due consideration should be given to postpone vaccination until after the completion of the immunosuppressive treatment. As with all vaccines, appropriate medical treatment should always be available in case of a rare event of anaphylactic reactions following the administration of the vaccine. For this reason, it is recommended that the vaccinee should remain under medical supervision for at least 30 minutes after vaccination.
Pregnancy-Lactation
No specific clinical studies have been performed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of cholera vaccine in pregnant women and for the fetus.
However, administration of cholera vaccine to pregnant women and nursing mother may be considered after careful evaluation of the benefits and risks in case of a medical emergency or an epidemic.
Interactions
Adverse Effects
Side effects of Inactivated Oral Cholera Vaccine :
Acute gastroenteritis, diarrhea, fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, itching, rash, nausea, weakness, cough, vertigo, dryness of mouth, oral ulcer (rare), sore throat (rare) and yellowing of urine (rare). It has been observed that the incidence of adverse events is less after the second dose as compared to the first.