Potassium Chloride 0.1% + Sodium Acetate 0.65% + Sodium Chloride 0.5%
Indications
Potassium Chloride 0.1% + Sodium Acetate 0.65% + Sodium Chloride 0.5% is used for:
Diarrhea, Dehydration, Cholera, Vomiting, Fluid and electrolyte loss
Adult Dose
Intravenous
According to the requirements.
The volume and rate of infusion will depend upon the requirements of the patients and the judgement of the physician. It usually varies with age, weight and clinical condition of the patient.
The recommended flow rate is up to 100-drops/minute/70 kg body weight.
Child Dose
Renal Dose
Administration
Contra Indications
Kidney failure resulting in diminished production of urine (oliguria) Kidney failure, preventing production of urine (anuria)
Precautions
It should not be administered rapidly or for prolonged periods. Since the solution contains different electrolytes, it should be infused with caution in patients where electrolyte imbalance may cause detrimental effects; e.g. in pregnancy, renal impairment, heart failure, pulmonary congestion, etc. or to patients receiving potassium. sparing diuretics
Pregnancy-Lactation
Interactions
Potassium Chloride: Potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ciclosporin and potassium-containing drugs. Antimuscarinics delay gastric emptying time consequently increasing risk of GI adverse effects esp of solid oral dosage forms.
Sodium Chloride: May affect serum concentrations of lithium.
Sodium Acetate: May affect the absorption of certain drugs due to increased intra-gastric pH. May increase renal clearance of acidic drugs e.g. salicylates and barbiturates, and prolongs the half-life of basic drugs.
Adverse Effects
Side effects of Potassium Chloride 0.1% + Sodium Acetate 0.65% + Sodium Chloride 0.5% :
Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation, and hypervolemia. Severe burning, pain, or swelling around the IV needle; Warmth, redness, oozing, or bleeding where the IV was placed; fever, ongoing cough.
Mechanism of Action
Sodium plays an important role in controlling the total body water and its distribution. Sodium is the main cation in the extracellular fluid and comprises >90% of total cations. The acetate component is an alternate source of bicarbonate by metabolic conversion in the liver.
Potassium chloride is a major cation of the intracellular fluid. It plays an active role in the conduction of nerve impulses in the heart, brain and skeletal muscle; contraction of cardiac skeletal and smooth muscles; maintenance of normal renal function, acid-base balance, carbohydrate metabolism and gastric secretion.
Sodium chloride is the major extracellular cation. It is important in electrolyte and fluid balance, osmotic pressure control and water distribution as it restores sodium ions. It is used as a source of electrolytes and water for hydration, treatment of metabolic acidosis, priming solution in haemodialysis and treatment of hyperosmolar diabetes. It is also used as diluents for infusion of compatible drug additives.