Sodium Chloride 3%

Indications

Sodium Chloride 3% is used for: Replacement of fluid and electrolytes

Adult Dose

Intravenous Replacement of fluid and electrolytes Adult: As 3% solution: Dosage depends on age, wt, clinical condition and laboratory determinations of the patient. Dose to be administered via a large vein, with care taken to prevent infiltration.

Child Dose

Renal Dose

Administration

Contra Indications

Conditions whereby admin of sodium chloride would be detrimental. Not to be used to induce emesis.

Precautions

Hypertension, heart failure, peripheral or pulmonary oedema, impaired renal function, liver cirrhosis, preeclampsia. Maintain adequate water intake. Pregnancy. Inj of 3 or 5% sodium chloride solution should be given via a large vein at a rate not exceeding 100 ml/hr. Monitor fluid balance, serum electrolytes and acid base balance espcially during prolonged treatment. Caution when used in patients who are receiving corticosteroids or corticotropin.

Pregnancy-Lactation

Interactions

May affect serum concentrations of lithium.

Adverse Effects

Side effects of Sodium Chloride 3% : Hypernatraemia; thirst, reduced salivation and lachrymation, fever, tachycardia, hypertension, headache, dizziness, restlessness, irritability and weakness. Potentially Fatal: Intra-amniotic inj of hypertonic solutions: Disseminated intravascular coagulation, renal necrosis, cervical and uterine lesions, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia and death.

Mechanism of Action

Sodium chloride is the major extracellular cation. It is important in electrolyte and fluid balance, osmotic pressure control and water distribution as it restores sodium ions. It is used as a source of electrolytes and water for hydration, treatment of metabolic acidosis, priming solution in haemodialysis and treatment of hyperosmolar diabetes. It is also used as diluents for infusion of compatible drug additives.