Tuberculin (purified protein derivative)
Indications
Tuberculin (purified protein derivative) is used for:
Indicated as a diagnostic agent in Mantoux Test used to detect infection with *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*.
Adult Dose
Child Dose
Renal Dose
Administration
Contra Indications
Precautions
Pregnancy-Lactation
Interactions
Adverse Effects
Side effects of Tuberculin (purified protein derivative) :
Mechanism of Action
When exposed to *M. tuberculosis* antigen, the sensitization initiates in the regional lymph nodes where T lymphocytes proliferate in response to the antigenic stimulus to give rise to specifically sensitized lymphocytes which may exist in the circulation up to many years. Antigen is presented to T cells by being ingested by antigen presenting cells (APC), which then present it on their surface to lymphocytes in combination with various MHC molecules once they reach local lymph nodes [T28]. Tuberculin PPD most likely interacts with toll-like receptor 2 expressed on APCs that initiates an inflammatory response. Subsequent restimulation of these sensitized lymphocytes with the same or a similar antigen, such as the intradermal injection of tuberculin PPD, evokes a local reaction mediated by these cells. This reaction is referred to as a delayed-type hypersensitivity response that includes vasodilation, edema, and the infiltration of lymphocytes, basophils, monocytes, and neutrophils into the site of antigen injection. The sensitized antigen-specific T lymphocytes proliferate and release lymphokines, which mediate the accumulation of other cells at the site [L806]. In vitro studies show that Tuberculin PPD promotes the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in T lymphocytes through major histocompatibility (MHC) class II interaction with CD4+ T lymphocyte interaction [A19537]. The reactions are evident after 5-6 hours following administration.