Typhoid Vaccine (live attenuated)
Indications
Typhoid Vaccine (live attenuated) is used for:
Prophylaxis of Typhoid fever
Adult Dose
Oral
Active immunisation against typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi
Adult: Primary immunisation: Take 1 capsule on alternate days (day 1, 3 and 5) for a total of 3 doses; all doses should be completed at least 1 wk before potential exposure. Booster immunisation: Repeat full course of primary immunisation every 5 yr if exposure continues.
Child Dose
Oral
Active immunisation against typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi
Child: >6 yr: Primary immunisation: Take 1 capsule on alternate days (day 1, 3 and 5) for a total of 3 doses; all doses should be completed at least 1 wk before potential exposure. Booster immunisation: Repeat full course of primary immunisation every 5 yr if exposure continues.
Renal Dose
Administration
Should be taken on an empty stomach. Take 1 hr before meals.
Contra Indications
Congenital and acquired immune deficiency, including treatment with immunosuppressive and antimitotic drugs, acute febrile illness and acute intestinal infection. Safety of the vaccination during pregnancy has not yet been established.
Precautions
Not for treatment of typhoid fever. Vaccination may not provide full proetction thus, travellers should be advised to take all necessary precautions to avoid contact or ingestion of potentially contaminated food or water sources
Pregnancy-Lactation
Pregnancy Category: C
Lactation: Unknown whether distributed in breast milk, caution advised
Interactions
Concurrent use with antibiotics or immunoglobulins may reduce the efficacy of typhoid vaccine. Mefloquine may increase the efficacy of typhoid vaccine. May reduce the diagnostic effect of tuberculin tests.
Potentially Fatal: Concurrent use with immunosuppressants may increase the adverse effects of live vaccines.
Adverse Effects
Side effects of Typhoid Vaccine (live attenuated) :
Headache, fever, rash, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, anaphylactic reaction, demyelinating disease, myalgia, pain, urticaria, sepsis and weakness.
Mechanism of Action
Live attenuated oral vaccine; conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of endogenously produced antibodies.