Cefpodoxime

Indications

Cefpodoxime is used for: Pharyngitis, Acute otitis media, Community-acquired pneumonia, Sinusitis, UTI, Cystitis, Gonorrhea, Skin and skin structure infections, Tonsillitis, Respiratory tract infections, Acute Maxillary Sinusitis, Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis

Adult Dose

Acute Bronchitis & Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis, Acute Maxillary Sinusitis 200 mg PO q12hr for 10 days Acute Community-Acquired Pneumonia 200 mg PO q12hr for 14 days Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis 100 mg PO q12hr for 5-10 days Skin/Skin Structure Infections 400 mg PO q12hr for 7-14 days Uncomplicated gonorrhoea 200 mg as a single dose Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections 100 mg PO q12hr for 7-14 days Hepatic impairment Dosage adjustment not necessary

Child Dose

Child : PO 10 mg/kg/day, max 400 mg/day q12h 6 months - 2 years : 40 mg every 12 hours 3 - 8 years : 80 mg every 12 hours over 9 years : 100 mg every 12 hours

Renal Dose

Renal impairment: Patients on haemodialysis: Dose should be given after each dialysis session. CrCl (ml/min) Dosage Recommendation 10-39 Increase dosing intervals to 24 hrly. <10 Increase dosing intervals to 48 hrly.

Administration

Should be taken with food. Take after meals. Reconstitution: Reconstitute powd for oral susp at the time of dispensing by adding the amount of water specified on the container to provide a susp containing 50 mg or 100 mg per 5 mL. Add water in 2 equal parts and shake the bottle vigorously after each addition.

Contra Indications

Hypersensitivity.

Precautions

History of allergy to penicillin; severe renal impairment; pregnancy and lactation. Lactation: Drug excreted in breast milk in low concentrations; not recommended

Pregnancy-Lactation

Pregnancy category: B Lactation: Drug excreted in breast milk in low concentrations; not recommended

Interactions

Antacids or H2-blockers may decrease the absorption of cefpodoxime. Probenecid inhibits renal excretion. Potentially Fatal: Monitor renal function during admin. Additive nephrotoxic effects with furosemide.

Adverse Effects

Side effects of Cefpodoxime : >10% Diarrhea in infants and toddlers (15.4%), Diaper rash (12.1%) 1-10% Diarrhea (7.4%), Nausea (3.8%), Vaginal infection (3.1%), Vomiting (1.1-2.1%), Abdominal pain (1.6%), Rash (1.4%), Headache (1.1%) Potentially Fatal: Pseudomembranous colitis; nephrotoxicity.

Mechanism of Action

Cefpodoxime binds to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) which inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell wall, thus inhibiting biosynthesis and arresting cell wall assembly resulting in bacterial cell death.